Svadhyaya Defined

/svahd-YAH-yuh/ — Sanskrit: स्वाध्याय — "self-study, study of the self"

The fourth niyama—the practice of self-study in two forms: introspection (watching your own patterns, thoughts, and reactions) and study of sacred texts (learning from wisdom traditions). Both paths lead to self-understanding.

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Two Dimensions of Self-Study

Self-Observation

Watching your own mind, emotions, and behaviors without judgment. Noticing patterns and reactions. Asking: "What keeps showing up? Why did I react that way?"

Textual Study

Learning from wisdom traditions—yoga philosophy, sacred texts, teachers' words. Not passive reading but active engagement that changes understanding.

Practice of Self-Observation

Practice of Textual Study

Key texts for svadhyaya: The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads, and Hatha Yoga Pradipika are traditional sources. But svadhyaya can include any text that supports self-understanding—poetry, psychology, philosophy. The test is whether it illuminates rather than obscures.

Svadhyaya on the Mat

Every yoga practice is an opportunity for svadhyaya:

Know Yourself

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