Yama Defined
/YAH-muh/ — Sanskrit: यम — "restraint, control"The five ethical restraints that form the first limb of yoga—universal moral principles governing how we relate to the world around us. Before poses, before breath, before meditation: right relationship.
What Are the Yamas?
The yamas are five ethical guidelines that form the foundation of yogic living. As the first of Patanjali's eight limbs, they establish the moral ground upon which all other practices rest. Without ethical integrity, the Yoga Sutras suggest, deeper practices lose their effectiveness and meaning.
The word "yama" means restraint or control—but not in a repressive sense. These are disciplines that free us from the suffering caused by harmful actions. They describe how to live in harmony with others and with the world.
The Five Yamas
Ahimsa
Non-harming in thought, word, and deed. The foundation upon which all other yamas rest. Includes compassion toward self and all beings. Learn more →
Satya
Speaking and living in alignment with truth. Not just avoiding lies, but living authentically and expressing what is real. Learn more →
Asteya
Not taking what isn't freely given—including time, attention, energy, and credit. Cultivating a sense of abundance rather than lack.
Brahmacharya
Often translated as celibacy, more broadly means directing energy wisely. Not wasting vital force through excess of any kind.
Aparigraha
Not grasping, hoarding, or clinging. Letting go of attachment to outcomes, possessions, and even ideas about who we are.
Yamas vs. Niyamas
The yamas and niyamas together form the ethical foundation of yoga:
- Yamas = How we relate to others and the external world (restraints)
- Niyamas = How we relate to ourselves (observances)
The yamas are sometimes called "universal vows" because they apply regardless of time, place, or circumstance. Unlike cultural or situational ethics, these principles are considered fundamental to human flourishing across all contexts.
Practice Off the Mat
The yamas aren't abstract philosophy—they're meant to be practiced in daily life:
- Ahimsa: Notice self-criticism. Observe how you speak about others. Choose words that don't wound.
- Satya: Notice small lies, exaggerations, and social performances. Practice saying what you actually mean.
- Asteya: Arrive on time. Don't take credit for others' work. Give full attention when listening.
- Brahmacharya: Notice where you leak energy—scrolling, complaining, overcommitting. Redirect toward what matters.
- Aparigraha: Practice giving things away. Notice attachment to being right. Let go of one expectation today.
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