What Is Kriya Yoga?
At the opening of the second chapter of the Yoga Sutras, Patanjali introduces Kriya Yoga as the foundation of practical yoga. The Sanskrit word "kriya" means action, activity, or purificatory practice—pointing to yoga not as abstract philosophy but as something you do.
Kriya Yoga consists of three interrelated practices:
- Tapas — Discipline, austerity, or "heat"—the willingness to bear discomfort in service of growth
- Svadhyaya — Self-study, including study of sacred texts and honest examination of one's own patterns
- Ishvara Pranidhana — Devotion or surrender to something greater than the ego
Together, these form what Patanjali calls the path for minimizing suffering and preparing for samadhi (meditative absorption). It's yoga for people living in the real world—not renunciates in caves, but householders with jobs and families and all the complications of ordinary life.
The Three Components
Tapas: The Fire of Discipline
Tapas literally means "heat"—the inner fire generated through disciplined effort. It's the willingness to stay with difficulty, to practice even when we don't feel like it, to make choices aligned with our deeper intentions rather than our momentary preferences.
Tapas isn't punishment or harsh asceticism. It's the recognition that growth often requires discomfort—that we strengthen by meeting resistance, not by avoiding it. Every time you step onto the mat when you'd rather stay in bed, that's tapas.
Svadhyaya: Knowing Yourself
Svadhyaya means both the study of sacred texts and the study of oneself. The two work together: wisdom teachings point toward self-knowledge, and self-examination reveals the truth of the teachings.
In practice, svadhyaya might look like reading the Yoga Sutras, chanting mantras, or journaling after practice. But its essence is honest self-inquiry—the willingness to see our patterns clearly, without justification or denial.
Ishvara Pranidhana: Surrender
The third element is devotion—not necessarily to a particular deity, but to something beyond the ego's agenda. It's the recognition that we're not running the show, that our best efforts don't guarantee outcomes, that there's wisdom in letting go.
Ishvara pranidhana balances the effort of tapas. We practice with discipline, but we release attachment to results. We study ourselves honestly, but we don't become self-obsessed. We act with intention, then surrender the fruits of action.
Why Kriya Yoga Matters
- Weakens the kleshas — According to Patanjali, these practices directly reduce the afflictions that cause suffering
- Practical framework — Offers clear direction for daily practice without requiring renunciation of ordinary life
- Balanced approach — Combines effort, wisdom, and surrender—preventing both complacency and burnout
- Preparation for meditation — Creates the conditions for deeper practices to take root
- Accessible entry point — Meets practitioners where they are, with practices anyone can begin
Kriya Yoga in Daily Practice
You're likely already practicing elements of Kriya Yoga without naming them:
- Getting to class when you're tired (tapas)
- Noticing your reactions to challenging poses (svadhyaya)
- Dedicating your practice or letting go of expectations (ishvara pranidhana)
- Maintaining consistency over time (tapas)
- Reading teachings that illuminate your experience (svadhyaya)
- Accepting that some days practice "works" and some days it doesn't (ishvara pranidhana)
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